一、英譯中：請將下列英文譯為中文。 (一)The widely expected slowdown in the expansion of world output and trade turned out to be much stronger than most observers had projected at the beginning of the year 2001. Global output increased only marginally and world trade decreased somewhat, both developments in sharp contrast to the preceding year when both trade and output expanded at record rates. (WTO Annual Report, 2002) 在世界產出和貿易的擴大市場普遍預期放緩竟然是遠遠強於大多數觀察家曾預計在2001年年初。全球產量僅輕微上升和世界貿易有所下降，兩者的發展形成鮮明對比的是前一年時，雙方的貿易和輸出擴展以創紀錄的速度。(世界貿易組織年度報告，2002年) (二)For the purpose of enabling each State, as far as practicable under the conditions in such State, to furnish financial assistance to aged needy individuals, there is hereby authorized to be appropriated for each fiscal year a sum sufficient to carry out the purposes of this title. (US Social Security Act) 為使每一個國家，在切實可行的範圍在該國的條件下，向其提供財政援助，以老年人有需要的個人的目的，茲授權撥每個會計年度的一筆足以開展這個標題的目的。(美國社會保障法) 二、中譯英：請將下列中文譯為英文。 (一)統治國家的權力屬於人民全體，不是個人、不是政黨。這是「自由意志」的充分發揮，是「主權在民」的完全落實，是真正的「順乎天，應乎人」，真正的革故鼎新。一切的榮耀，歸於所有的人民。 The right to rule the country all power belongs to the people, not an individual, not a political party. It is full of "free will" and is "popular sovereignty" full implementation is the real "accord day, people should be almost" real reform and innovation. A cut of the glory belongs to all people. (二)若非當初臺灣銀行界為了競爭消費金融的誘人利潤，幾乎沒有限制地擴張授信額度，現在也不會有一個月收入不過兩萬六千元的上班族竟然會負債一兩百萬。 If the non-banking sector in Taiwan had order to compete attractive consumer financial profit, almost no limit to the expansion of lines of credit, but now they do not have a monthly income of not over two Wan six thousand workers will actually balance a two million. (D)1 Disasters are becoming more frequent and more costly. But there are steps all of us can take to improve our chances of . (A)conception (B)deception (C)revival (D)survival (B)2 Executives love to talk about social responsibility. But on the factory floor, living up to these lofty ideals is painfully difficult. (A)corporal (B)corporate (C)corpulent (D)culpable (C)3 In this increasingly digital world, cyber-bullying has emerged as an electronic form of bullying that is difficult to or supervise. (A)engender (B)intimidate (C)monitor (D)patronize (B)4 Her opinions and outlandish behavior earned her a reputation as an eccentric. (A)auspicious (B)heterodox (C)insidious (D)mundane (C)5 You can’t choose the name you are given at birth, but in many countries you can change it when you reach adulthood. (A)annually (B)casually (C)legally (D)ethically (C)6 TV is probably the most powerful of communication ever invented. It is certainly the most popular and most widespread. (A)agenda (B)agreement (C)medium (D)matrix (A)7 Indians know that the news is bad when the Prime Minister takes to the airwaves to the nation. (A)address (B)censure (C)elude (D)rebuke (C)8 With the increasing deterioration of global warming, climate change naturally becomes a key agenda item at the G-8 Japan hosts in July, 2008. (A)apex (B)climax (C)summit (D)zenith (D)9 Conservatives think patriotism is a to the past. Liberals believe it’s a key to the future. Both sides should learn from each other. (A)conduit (B)legacy (C)patron (D)tribute (B)10 The Watergate scandal was the ostensible cause of Richard Nixon’s decision to the presidency of the United States. (A)abandon (B)abdicate (C)abort (D)abridge Children have a lot to contend with these days, not least a tendency for their pushy parents to force-feed them omega-3 oil capsules at every opportunity. These are supposed to make children brainier, so they are being added to 11 from bread, milk and pasta to baby formula and vitamin tablets. But omega-3 is just the 12 of the nutritional iceberg; many nutrients have proven cognitive effects, and do 13 throughout a person’s life, not merely when he is a child. Fernando Gómez-Pinilla, a fish-loving professor of neurosurgery and physiological science at the University of California, Los Angeles, believes that 14 changes to a person’s diet can enhance his cognitive abilities, protect his brain from damage and counteract the effects of aging. Dr. Gómez-Pinilla has been studying the effects of food on the brain for years, and has now completed a review, just published in Nature Reviews Neuroscience, that has analyzed more than 160 cases of food’s effect on the 15 . Some foods, he concludes, are like pharmaceutical compounds; their effects are so profound that the mental health of entire countries may be linked to them. (B)11 (A) food (B)everything (C)meal (D)something (C)12 (A)point (B)summit (C)tip (D)zenith (C)13 (A) all (B)it (C)so (D)them (A)14 (A)appropriate (B)belated (C)disproportionate (D)prompt (A)15 (A) brain (B)heart (C)mind (D)nerve The Persian Gulf is not an obvious destination for the head of the Roman Catholic Church. Yet when Bahrain’s King Hamad met with Pope Benedict in Rome in July 2008, he 16 a personal invitation to visit. If Benedict accepts this offer, he’ll become the first 17 to set foot in Arabia. 18 would make that trip so dramatic is the region’s reputation for religious intolerance. Bahrain’s new hospitality shows that attitudes are changing. And the explanation lies in demographics. The kingdom and its neighbors are hosts to booming new Christian populations, thanks to the region’s 19 hunger for guest workers. Foreign laborers now represent 35 percent of Bahrain’s inhabitants. The number is 60 percent in Kuwait and 80 percent in the United Arab Emirates, and almost half of the 35 million people on the Arabian Peninsula are now foreign-born. A large proportion of them hail from Christian areas such as the Philippines and southern India. As a result, 20 now constitute roughly 9 percent of Bahrain’s population. In Saudi Arabia, the Catholic Church estimates there are 1.2 million Filipino faithfuls alone, making them the country’s third largest immigrant group. (B)16 (A) detained (B)extended (C)pretended (D)retained (D)17 (A) archbishop (B)cardinal (C)patrician (D)pontiff (C)18 (A) It (B)That (C)What (D)Which (C)19 (A) indignant (B)ingenious (C)insatiable (D)invaluable (B)20 (A) Buddhists (B)Christians (C)Muslims (D)Protestants Samuel Huntington got it wrong, at least when it comes to art. Civilizations don’t clash, but share and 21 inspire. So argues “Beyond Orientalism,” an exhibition at the Islamic Arts Museum Malaysia in Kuala Lumpur. The show examines Islamic art’s impact on Western artists, highlighting how Islamic calligraphy, tile designs, and geometrical motifs pop up in the most 22 places, from Tiffany lamps—some of which drew on 16th century Persian works—to the art of M.C. Escher, whose elaborate drawings of endless staircases and interlocking patterns were apparently inspired by Islamic designs. 23 the debt owed to Islamic art by painters like Henri Matisse and Paul Klee is well documented, Muslim influence on Western aesthetics began far earlier, says the curator of “Beyond Orientalism,” Lucien de Guise. The Muslim domination of Spain between the 8th and 15th centuries enabled the 24 of advanced artistic and architectural techniques—as well as great accomplishments in music, science, philosophy, and even cuisine. Until the industrial era, when interest in Islamic art 25 in the West, “Europeans were totally in awe of Islamic art,” argues de Guise. “They couldn’t get enough of it.” (C)21 (A) exclusively (B)inclusively (C)mutually (D)naturally (D)22 (A) literal (B)picturesque (C)realistic (D)unlikely (A)23 (A) Although (B)Because (C)Since (D)When (D)24 (A) aspiration (B)indignation (C)granulation (D)transmission (A)25 (A) declined (B)diluted (C)increased (D)intensified The Tour de France, which kicks off July 5, is a grueling test of human endurance, a three-week 3,500km race stretched over 21 stages, nine of them in the mountains. But in some ways the modern Tour is easier than races past. In the early 20th century, competitors pedaled the dirt roads of France through the night on fixed-gear bikes, evading human blockades, route-jamming cars and nails placed on the road by fans of other riders. Between stages, teams feasted on banquets and champagne; before climbs, they fortified with cigarettes. The race was the brainchild of Henri Desgrange, a Parisian magazine editor who launched it in 1903 with 60 riders in a bid to boost circulation. It worked: Tour coverage helped Desgrange’s magazine boom, and the race soon became more popular than he could have dreamed. With fans lining the roads to see riders up close, by the 1920s the Tour included more than 100 cyclists from throughout Europe. But as the competition grew fiercer and the race more commercialized, champagne and nicotine gave way to more effective—and insidious—performance boosters. In 1967, British rider Tom Simpson died midrace after taking amphetamines, prompting the event to adopt drug-testing. In 1998, authorities disqualified the Festina team after finding the red blood cell-boosting drug EPO in their car. The winner of the 1996 race, Bjarne Riis, admitted in 2007 that he had used EPO, just months before Floyd Landis became the first Tour winner stripped of his title on charges of using synthetic testosterone in 2006. The Tour now tests athletes rigorously—stage winners are screened daily—although the victor in this year’s race will still be allowed a sip of champagne. (B)26 Who was the first Tour winner stripped of his title on charges of using drugs? (A)Henri Desgrange. (B)Floyd Landis. (C)Bjarne Riis. (D)Tom Simpson. (C)27 According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true? (A)The Tour de France is more than 100 years old. (B)Fans used to put nails on the road in the past. (C)American rider Tom Simpson died in the middle of the race. (D)The Tour de France was the brainchild of Henri Desgrange. (C)28 What was the original aim of the Tour de France? (A)To boost the spirit of teamwork. (B)To boost sport consciousness. (C)To raise magazine circulation. (D)To raise traffic circulation. (A)29 Which of the following titles is the most appropriate one for this passage? (A)A Brief History of the Tour de France (B)Drugs in Sports (C)Reasons behind the Success of the Tour de France (D)Necessity is the Mother of Invention (D)30 According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE? (A) The use of drugs is no longer a problem in the Tour de France. (B)Champagne is no longer allowed in the Tour de France. (C)The Tour de France now tests every participant daily. (D)The cyclists used cigarettes to stimulate themselves in the past. “Biography first convinces us of the fleeing of the Biographied,” wrote Emily Dickinson, America’s most famous female poet of the 19th century, uncannily foreseeing how inscrutable a subject she herself would turn out to be. Rather like Emily Brontë, with whom she identified, Dickinson shrank from contact with the world, scuttling off in her signature white dress as soon as a visitor appeared at the door. Reluctant to share her pared-down, laser-sharp and sometimes terrifying inward poems through publication—only seven were printed in her lifetime—she nevertheless relied on an iron core of self-belief, quietly prophesying that posterity would recognize her genius. Dickinson’s externally uneventful life has been chronicled before, but Brenda Wineapple finds a new way in by focusing on her relationship with the man who would eventually help to bring her to the public gaze after her death. Thomas Wentworth Higginson has usually been patronized as a second-rater who bungled the transmission of Dickinson’s work by allowing too much editorial tempering, a man whose bourgeois conventionality tried to silence a woman poet’s true voice. Yet Ms. Wineapple responds to him with compassion and respect, and in doing so makes her book much more than a biography—rather, a sweeping cultural and political history of the lead-up to the American civil war and its aftermath. (D)31 Which of the following authors wrote Emily Dickinson’s biography? (A)Emily Brontë. (B)Thomas Higginson. (C)Emily Wentworth. (D)Brenda Wineapple. (D)32 According to your understanding of the passage, which of the following can best describe Emily Dickinson’s attitude towards biography? (A)Confident. (B)Disdainful. (C)Optimistic. (D)Skeptical. (D)33 According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE? (A)Emily Dickinson enjoyed receiving visitors at home. (B)Emily Dickinson had a colorful life while she was alive. (C)Thomas Higginson was highly appreciated by critics in the past. (D)Brenda Wineapple’s attitude towards Higginson is different from that of critics in the past. (B)34 Which of the following statements about Emily Dickinson is NOT true? (A)She published only a few poems in her lifetime. (B)She was not sure about the value of her works. (C)She was an introvert poet. (D)Higginson brought her works to public attention after her death. (A)35 Which of the following statements can be inferred from this passage? (A)Although Dickinson only published seven poems in her lifetime, she was confident about her status in the future. (B)With the publication of this new biography, the relationship between Dickinson and Higginson will be definitely changed. (C)With the help of her biographies, we can finally understand the inner world of Dickinson. (D)Thomas Higginson was over-rated and deeply misunderstood by critics in the past. Four-star general Walter (Dutch) Kerwin, who helped pioneer the US military’s historic shift to an all-volunteer force in the 1970s, had seen firsthand the problems that could plague a conscripted army fighting a modern war. Kerwin was the Army’s personnel chief during the Vietnam War, grappling with draftees deserting, abusing drugs and even murdering unpopular commanders. With draftees’ tours limited to 12 months, military units lost their vital cohesion. In order to help “bring this level of indiscipline down,” as he told Congress at the time, Kerwin drafted plans for what became the all-volunteer force that celebrated its 35th birthday on July 1, 2008. Kerwin famously spoke of the line that he felt must be drawn between those in uniform and those they protect. “The values necessary to defend the society are often at odds with the values of the society itself,” he said. “The Army must concentrate not on the values of our liberal society but on the hard values of the battlefield.” The volunteer Army isn’t without problems—conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan have forced it to lower recruiting standards and increase bonuses to attract and retain soldiers—but with a conscripted force, the US probably couldn’t have waged the two wars now under way. Compared with morale during Vietnam, the spirit among US troops serving in war zones is relatively high—a fact that will no doubt be Kerwin’s legacy. (D)36 When did the United States military begin its all-volunteer force? (A)1970. (B)1971. (C)1972. (D)1973. (A)37 How long did American draftees have to serve during the Vietnam War period? (A)One year. (B)A year and a half. (C)Two years. (D)Three years. (D)38 According to the passage, which of the following crimes was not committed by the draftees General Kerwin dealt with? (A)Deserting. (B)Drug abuse. (C)Murder. (D)Sexual abuse. (B)39 According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE? (A)Kerwin was the Navy Personnel Chief during the Vietnam War. (B)Kerwin believes that the values of the military are different from those of the society. (C)The morale of the US Army is as low as it was in the Vietnam War. (D)Kerwin believes that soldiers should enjoy the same freedom as their compatriots. (D)40 Which of the following consequences comes with the all-volunteer forces? (A)Lower morale. (B)Loss of vital cohesion. (C)Lower bonuses. (D)Lower recruiting standards.

一、英譯中：請將下列英文譯為中文。 (一)The widely expected slowdown in the expansion of world output and trade turned out to be much stronger than most observers had projected at the beginning of the year 2001. Global output increased only marginally and world trade decreased somewhat, both developments in sharp contrast to the preceding year when both trade and output expanded at record rates. (WTO Annual Report, 2002) 在世界產出和貿易的擴大市場普遍預期放緩竟然是遠遠強於大多數觀察家曾預計在2001年年初。全球產量僅輕微上升和世界貿易有所下降，兩者的發展形成鮮明對比的是前一年時，雙方的貿易和輸出擴展以創紀錄的速度。(世界貿易組織年度報告，2002年) (二)For the purpose of enabling each State, as far as practicable under the conditions in such State, to furnish financial assistance to aged needy individuals, there is hereby authorized to be appropriated for each fiscal year a sum sufficient to carry out the purposes of this title. (US Social Security Act) 為使每一個國家，在切實可行的範圍在該國的條件下，向其提供財政援助，以老年人有需要的個人的目的，茲授權撥每個會計年度的一筆足以開展這個標題的目的。(美國社會保障法) 二、中譯英：請將下列中文譯為英文。 (一)統治國家的權力屬於人民全體，不是個人、不是政黨。這是「自由意志」的充分發揮，是「主權在民」的完全落實，是真正的「順乎天，應乎人」，真正的革故鼎新。一切的榮耀，歸於所有的人民。 The right to rule the country all power belongs to the people, not an individual, not a political party. It is full of "free will" and is "popular sovereignty" full implementation is the real "accord day, people should be almost" real reform and innovation. A cut of the glory belongs to all people. (二)若非當初臺灣銀行界為了競爭消費金融的誘人利潤，幾乎沒有限制地擴張授信額度，現在也不會有一個月收入不過兩萬六千元的上班族竟然會負債一兩百萬。 If the non-banking sector in Taiwan had order to compete attractive consumer financial profit, almost no limit to the expansion of lines of credit, but now they do not have a monthly income of not over two Wan six thousand workers will actually balance a two million. (D)1 Disasters are becoming more frequent and more costly. But there are steps all of us can take to improve our chances of . (A)conception (B)deception (C)revival (D)survival (B)2 Executives love to talk about social responsibility. But on the factory floor, living up to these lofty ideals is painfully difficult. (A)corporal (B)corporate (C)corpulent (D)culpable (C)3 In this increasingly digital world, cyber-bullying has emerged as an electronic form of bullying that is difficult to or supervise. (A)engender (B)intimidate (C)monitor (D)patronize (B)4 Her opinions and outlandish behavior earned her a reputation as an eccentric. (A)auspicious (B)heterodox (C)insidious (D)mundane (C)5 You can’t choose the name you are given at birth, but in many countries you can change it when you reach adulthood. (A)annually (B)casually (C)legally (D)ethically (C)6 TV is probably the most powerful of communication ever invented. It is certainly the most popular and most widespread. (A)agenda (B)agreement (C)medium (D)matrix (A)7 Indians know that the news is bad when the Prime Minister takes to the airwaves to the nation. (A)address (B)censure (C)elude (D)rebuke (C)8 With the increasing deterioration of global warming, climate change naturally becomes a key agenda item at the G-8 Japan hosts in July, 2008. (A)apex (B)climax (C)summit (D)zenith (D)9 Conservatives think patriotism is a to the past. Liberals believe it’s a key to the future. Both sides should learn from each other. (A)conduit (B)legacy (C)patron (D)tribute (B)10 The Watergate scandal was the ostensible cause of Richard Nixon’s decision to the presidency of the United States. (A)abandon (B)abdicate (C)abort (D)abridge Children have a lot to contend with these days, not least a tendency for their pushy parents to force-feed them omega-3 oil capsules at every opportunity. These are supposed to make children brainier, so they are being added to 11 from bread, milk and pasta to baby formula and vitamin tablets. But omega-3 is just the 12 of the nutritional iceberg; many nutrients have proven cognitive effects, and do 13 throughout a person’s life, not merely when he is a child. Fernando Gómez-Pinilla, a fish-loving professor of neurosurgery and physiological science at the University of California, Los Angeles, believes that 14 changes to a person’s diet can enhance his cognitive abilities, protect his brain from damage and counteract the effects of aging. Dr. Gómez-Pinilla has been studying the effects of food on the brain for years, and has now completed a review, just published in Nature Reviews Neuroscience, that has analyzed more than 160 cases of food’s effect on the 15 . Some foods, he concludes, are like pharmaceutical compounds; their effects are so profound that the mental health of entire countries may be linked to them. (B)11 (A) food (B)everything (C)meal (D)something (C)12 (A)point (B)summit (C)tip (D)zenith (C)13 (A) all (B)it (C)so (D)them (A)14 (A)appropriate (B)belated (C)disproportionate (D)prompt (A)15 (A) brain (B)heart (C)mind (D)nerve The Persian Gulf is not an obvious destination for the head of the Roman Catholic Church. Yet when Bahrain’s King Hamad met with Pope Benedict in Rome in July 2008, he 16 a personal invitation to visit. If Benedict accepts this offer, he’ll become the first 17 to set foot in Arabia. 18 would make that trip so dramatic is the region’s reputation for religious intolerance. Bahrain’s new hospitality shows that attitudes are changing. And the explanation lies in demographics. The kingdom and its neighbors are hosts to booming new Christian populations, thanks to the region’s 19 hunger for guest workers. Foreign laborers now represent 35 percent of Bahrain’s inhabitants. The number is 60 percent in Kuwait and 80 percent in the United Arab Emirates, and almost half of the 35 million people on the Arabian Peninsula are now foreign-born. A large proportion of them hail from Christian areas such as the Philippines and southern India. As a result, 20 now constitute roughly 9 percent of Bahrain’s population. In Saudi Arabia, the Catholic Church estimates there are 1.2 million Filipino faithfuls alone, making them the country’s third largest immigrant group. (B)16 (A) detained (B)extended (C)pretended (D)retained (D)17 (A) archbishop (B)cardinal (C)patrician (D)pontiff (C)18 (A) It (B)That (C)What (D)Which (C)19 (A) indignant (B)ingenious (C)insatiable (D)invaluable (B)20 (A) Buddhists (B)Christians (C)Muslims (D)Protestants Samuel Huntington got it wrong, at least when it comes to art. Civilizations don’t clash, but share and 21 inspire. So argues “Beyond Orientalism,” an exhibition at the Islamic Arts Museum Malaysia in Kuala Lumpur. The show examines Islamic art’s impact on Western artists, highlighting how Islamic calligraphy, tile designs, and geometrical motifs pop up in the most 22 places, from Tiffany lamps—some of which drew on 16th century Persian works—to the art of M.C. Escher, whose elaborate drawings of endless staircases and interlocking patterns were apparently inspired by Islamic designs. 23 the debt owed to Islamic art by painters like Henri Matisse and Paul Klee is well documented, Muslim influence on Western aesthetics began far earlier, says the curator of “Beyond Orientalism,” Lucien de Guise. The Muslim domination of Spain between the 8th and 15th centuries enabled the 24 of advanced artistic and architectural techniques—as well as great accomplishments in music, science, philosophy, and even cuisine. Until the industrial era, when interest in Islamic art 25 in the West, “Europeans were totally in awe of Islamic art,” argues de Guise. “They couldn’t get enough of it.” (C)21 (A) exclusively (B)inclusively (C)mutually (D)naturally (D)22 (A) literal (B)picturesque (C)realistic (D)unlikely (A)23 (A) Although (B)Because (C)Since (D)When (D)24 (A) aspiration (B)indignation (C)granulation (D)transmission (A)25 (A) declined (B)diluted (C)increased (D)intensified The Tour de France, which kicks off July 5, is a grueling test of human endurance, a three-week 3,500km race stretched over 21 stages, nine of them in the mountains. But in some ways the modern Tour is easier than races past. In the early 20th century, competitors pedaled the dirt roads of France through the night on fixed-gear bikes, evading human blockades, route-jamming cars and nails placed on the road by fans of other riders. Between stages, teams feasted on banquets and champagne; before climbs, they fortified with cigarettes. The race was the brainchild of Henri Desgrange, a Parisian magazine editor who launched it in 1903 with 60 riders in a bid to boost circulation. It worked: Tour coverage helped Desgrange’s magazine boom, and the race soon became more popular than he could have dreamed. With fans lining the roads to see riders up close, by the 1920s the Tour included more than 100 cyclists from throughout Europe. But as the competition grew fiercer and the race more commercialized, champagne and nicotine gave way to more effective—and insidious—performance boosters. In 1967, British rider Tom Simpson died midrace after taking amphetamines, prompting the event to adopt drug-testing. In 1998, authorities disqualified the Festina team after finding the red blood cell-boosting drug EPO in their car. The winner of the 1996 race, Bjarne Riis, admitted in 2007 that he had used EPO, just months before Floyd Landis became the first Tour winner stripped of his title on charges of using synthetic testosterone in 2006. The Tour now tests athletes rigorously—stage winners are screened daily—although the victor in this year’s race will still be allowed a sip of champagne. (B)26 Who was the first Tour winner stripped of his title on charges of using drugs? (A)Henri Desgrange. (B)Floyd Landis. (C)Bjarne Riis. (D)Tom Simpson. (C)27 According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true? (A)The Tour de France is more than 100 years old. (B)Fans used to put nails on the road in the past. (C)American rider Tom Simpson died in the middle of the race. (D)The Tour de France was the brainchild of Henri Desgrange. (C)28 What was the original aim of the Tour de France? (A)To boost the spirit of teamwork. (B)To boost sport consciousness. (C)To raise magazine circulation. (D)To raise traffic circulation. (A)29 Which of the following titles is the most appropriate one for this passage? (A)A Brief History of the Tour de France (B)Drugs in Sports (C)Reasons behind the Success of the Tour de France (D)Necessity is the Mother of Invention (D)30 According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE? (A) The use of drugs is no longer a problem in the Tour de France. (B)Champagne is no longer allowed in the Tour de France. (C)The Tour de France now tests every participant daily. (D)The cyclists used cigarettes to stimulate themselves in the past. “Biography first convinces us of the fleeing of the Biographied,” wrote Emily Dickinson, America’s most famous female poet of the 19th century, uncannily foreseeing how inscrutable a subject she herself would turn out to be. Rather like Emily Brontë, with whom she identified, Dickinson shrank from contact with the world, scuttling off in her signature white dress as soon as a visitor appeared at the door. Reluctant to share her pared-down, laser-sharp and sometimes terrifying inward poems through publication—only seven were printed in her lifetime—she nevertheless relied on an iron core of self-belief, quietly prophesying that posterity would recognize her genius. Dickinson’s externally uneventful life has been chronicled before, but Brenda Wineapple finds a new way in by focusing on her relationship with the man who would eventually help to bring her to the public gaze after her death. Thomas Wentworth Higginson has usually been patronized as a second-rater who bungled the transmission of Dickinson’s work by allowing too much editorial tempering, a man whose bourgeois conventionality tried to silence a woman poet’s true voice. Yet Ms. Wineapple responds to him with compassion and respect, and in doing so makes her book much more than a biography—rather, a sweeping cultural and political history of the lead-up to the American civil war and its aftermath. (D)31 Which of the following authors wrote Emily Dickinson’s biography? (A)Emily Brontë. (B)Thomas Higginson. (C)Emily Wentworth. (D)Brenda Wineapple. (D)32 According to your understanding of the passage, which of the following can best describe Emily Dickinson’s attitude towards biography? (A)Confident. (B)Disdainful. (C)Optimistic. (D)Skeptical. (D)33 According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE? (A)Emily Dickinson enjoyed receiving visitors at home. (B)Emily Dickinson had a colorful life while she was alive. (C)Thomas Higginson was highly appreciated by critics in the past. (D)Brenda Wineapple’s attitude towards Higginson is different from that of critics in the past. (B)34 Which of the following statements about Emily Dickinson is NOT true? (A)She published only a few poems in her lifetime. (B)She was not sure about the value of her works. (C)She was an introvert poet. (D)Higginson brought her works to public attention after her death. (A)35 Which of the following statements can be inferred from this passage? (A)Although Dickinson only published seven poems in her lifetime, she was confident about her status in the future. (B)With the publication of this new biography, the relationship between Dickinson and Higginson will be definitely changed. (C)With the help of her biographies, we can finally understand the inner world of Dickinson. (D)Thomas Higginson was over-rated and deeply misunderstood by critics in the past. Four-star general Walter (Dutch) Kerwin, who helped pioneer the US military’s historic shift to an all-volunteer force in the 1970s, had seen firsthand the problems that could plague a conscripted army fighting a modern war. Kerwin was the Army’s personnel chief during the Vietnam War, grappling with draftees deserting, abusing drugs and even murdering unpopular commanders. With draftees’ tours limited to 12 months, military units lost their vital cohesion. In order to help “bring this level of indiscipline down,” as he told Congress at the time, Kerwin drafted plans for what became the all-volunteer force that celebrated its 35th birthday on July 1, 2008. Kerwin famously spoke of the line that he felt must be drawn between those in uniform and those they protect. “The values necessary to defend the society are often at odds with the values of the society itself,” he said. “The Army must concentrate not on the values of our liberal society but on the hard values of the battlefield.” The volunteer Army isn’t without problems—conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan have forced it to lower recruiting standards and increase bonuses to attract and retain soldiers—but with a conscripted force, the US probably couldn’t have waged the two wars now under way. Compared with morale during Vietnam, the spirit among US troops serving in war zones is relatively high—a fact that will no doubt be Kerwin’s legacy. (D)36 When did the United States military begin its all-volunteer force? (A)1970. (B)1971. (C)1972. (D)1973. (A)37 How long did American draftees have to serve during the Vietnam War period? (A)One year. (B)A year and a half. (C)Two years. (D)Three years. (D)38 According to the passage, which of the following crimes was not committed by the draftees General Kerwin dealt with? (A)Deserting. (B)Drug abuse. (C)Murder. (D)Sexual abuse. (B)39 According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE? (A)Kerwin was the Navy Personnel Chief during the Vietnam War. (B)Kerwin believes that the values of the military are different from those of the society. (C)The morale of the US Army is as low as it was in the Vietnam War. (D)Kerwin believes that soldiers should enjoy the same freedom as their compatriots. (D)40 Which of the following consequences comes with the all-volunteer forces? (A)Lower morale. (B)Loss of vital cohesion. (C)Lower bonuses. (D)Lower recruiting standards.